Yim lub hauv paus ntawm Steel Ncej Tsev

I. Yam ntxwv ntawmsteel qauv

1. Tus kheej qhov hnyav ntawm steel qauv yog lub teeb

2. Kev ntseeg siab dua ntawm cov qauv steel ua haujlwm

3. Kev co zoo (poob siab) tsis kam thiab cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlau.

4. Qib siab ntawm industrialization ntawm steel qauv tsim.

5. Cov qauv hlau tuaj yeem sib dhos kom raug thiab nrawm.

6. Yooj yim los ua cov qauv kaw.

7. Cov qauv hlau yog yooj yim rau corrode.

8. Cov qauv hlau tsis muaj hluav taws kub tsis zoo.

II. Feem ntau siv steel qauv steel qib thiab kev ua tau zoo Tuam Tshoj:

1. Carbon structural steel: Q195, Q215, Q235, Q255, Q275, thiab lwm yam.

2. Tsawg alloy siab zog cov qauv hlau.

3. Zoo carbon structural steel thiab alloy structural steel.

4. Cov hlau tshwj xeeb.

III. Txoj cai ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom siv rau steel qauv

 Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom ntawm steel qauv yog los xyuas kom meej lub peev xwm ntawm cov kabmob load-bearing qauv thiab tiv thaiv brittle puas nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, raws li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv, load cov yam ntxwv, qauv qauv, kev nyuaj siab lub xeev, txoj kev sib txuas, steel thickness thiab kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig, thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb suav nrog.

IV. Technical ntsiab lus ntawm lub ntsiab steel qauv

 (1) High-rise steel qauv technology. Raws li lub tsev qhov siab thiab tsim cov kev cai, thav duab, thav duab txhawb nqa, lub tog raj kheej thiab cov qauv loj loj tau txais kev pom zoo raws li, thiab nws cov khoom tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov hlau, muaj zog reinforced pob zeb lossis steel yeeb nkab ua vaj tse. Steel Cheebtsam yog lub teeb thiab ductile, thiab welded steel los yog dov hlau yuav siv tau, uas yog haum rau ultra-high-rise vaj tse; muaj zog reinforced qhob Cheebtsam muaj loj rigidity thiab zoo hluav taws kub, uas yog haum rau nruab nrab thiab high-sawv vaj tse los yog hauv qab lug; steel yeeb nkab qhob yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim thiab tsuas yog siv rau cov kab ke.

(2) Qhov chaw steel qauv tshuab. Qhov chaw steel qauv muaj lub teeb rau tus kheej, loj rigidity, qauv zoo nkauj thiab kev tsim kho ceev ceev. Lub pob node tiaj tus phaj net thav duab, ntau txheej sib txawv sib txawv hla ntu ntu net thav duab thiab net plhaub nrog cov yeeb nkab steel raws li tus neeg siv pas nrig yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm qhov chaw steel qauv hauv Suav teb. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov loj spatial rigidity thiab tsis tshua muaj steel noj hauv kev tsim, kev tsim kho thiab tshuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem, thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav CAD. Ntxiv nrog rau cov net thav duab qauv, qhov chaw qauv kuj muaj qhov loj-span ncua kev kawm cable qauv, cable membrane qauv thiab lwm yam.

(3) Lub teeb steel qauv siv tshuab. Nrog lub teeb xim hlau ua los ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab lub ru tsev enclosure qauv tsim los ntawm cov qauv tshiab. Los ntawm ntau tshaj 5 hli steel phaj welded los yog dov loj cross-section ntawm nyias-walled H-beam phab ntsa kab teeb thiab lub ru tsev purlins, round steel rau hauv ib tug saj zawg zog txhawb system thiab high-strength bolts txuas nrog lub teeb yuag steel qauv system, kem sib nrug. yog los ntawm 6m mus rau 9m, qhov ncua sij hawm tuaj yeem ncav cuag 30m lossis ntau dua, qhov siab tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau tshaj li kaum metres thiab tuaj yeem teeb tsa lub teeb dai plaub. Tus nqi ntawm cov hlau 20 ~ 30kg / m2. Tam sim no muaj cov txheej txheem tsim qauv thiab cov chaw tsim khoom tshwj xeeb, cov khoom lag luam zoo, kev teeb tsa sai, lub teeb yuag, kev nqis peev tsawg, kev tsim kho tsis txwv los ntawm lub caij nyoog, haum rau ntau lub tsev lag luam.

(4) steel thiab pob zeb ua ke cov qauv siv tshuab. Kev tswj cov hlau los yog steel thiab cov khoom ua vaj tse tsim los ntawm cov kab teeb, kab, cov qauv thauj khoom rau cov hlau-pob zeb ua ke, qhov kev thov tau nthuav dav hauv xyoo tas los no. Cov qauv sib xyaw ua ke ob qho tib si steel thiab pob zeb ob qho tib si zoo, tag nrho lub zog, zoo rigidity, zoo seismic kev ua tau zoo, thaum siv cov txheej txheem sab nraud, qhov hluav taws kub zoo thiab corrosion kuj. Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke feem ntau tuaj yeem txo cov hlau 15-20%. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov npog hauv pem teb thiab cov yeeb nkab steel pob zeb ua ke, tab sis kuj muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev txhawb pwm tsawg lossis tsis muaj pwm, kev tsim kho yooj yim thiab ceev, kev txhawb nqa ntau dua. Haum rau ntau-storey tsev los yog high-sawv vaj tse nrog loj loads ntawm ncej kab, kab thiab npog, industrial tsev, kab thiab npog, thiab lwm yam.

(5) Lub zog muaj zog bolt txuas thiab vuam tshuab. High-strength bolt yog los ntawm kev sib txhuam kom hloov kev ntxhov siab, los ntawm lub bolt, txiv ntseej thiab ntxhua khaub ncaws peb ntu. Nrog rau qhov zoo ntawm kev tsim kho yooj yim, hloov tau yooj yim dismantling, muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo, kev ua haujlwm zoo los tiv thaiv kev qaug zog thiab kev ntsuas tus kheej, kev nyab xeeb siab, thiab lwm yam., kev sib txuas ntawm lub zog siab tau hloov riveting thiab ib nrab vuam hauv qhov project, thiab tau dhau los ua lub ntsiab. txhais tau tias kev sib txuas hauv fabrication thiab installation ntawm steel qauv. Rau cov khoom siv hlau ua nyob rau hauv lub rhiav, tsis siv neeg multi-wire arc submerged vuam yuav tsum tau saws rau tuab daim hlau, thiab cov tswv yim xws li fused spout electroslag welding yuav tsum tau saws rau lub thawv-zoo li tus ncej partitions. Semi-automatic vuam thev naus laus zis thiab roj-shielded flux-cored hlau thiab tiv thaiv tus kheej flux-cored hlau thev naus laus zis yuav tsum tau txais kev pom zoo hauv kev tsim kho ntawm qhov chaw.

(6) Steel qauv tiv thaiv technology. Kev tiv thaiv cov qauv hlau muaj xws li kev tiv thaiv hluav taws, kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab antirust, uas feem ntau yog siv tom qab kev kho hluav taws kub tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, tab sis kev kho anticorrosion tseem xav tau nyob rau hauv cov tsev nrog corrosive gases. Muaj ntau hom kev siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev, xws li TN series, MC-10, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, MC-10 fireproof coatings muaj alkyd sib nqus xim, chlorinated roj hmab xim, fluorine roj hmab xim thiab chlorosulphonated xim. Hauv kev tsim kho, cov txheej txheem tsim nyog thiab txheej txheej thickness yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li cov qauv steel hom, qhov kev xav tau ntawm hluav taws kub thiab ib puag ncig.

V. Lub Hom Phiaj thiab Kev Ntsuas rau Cov Qauv Hlau

 Steel qauv engineering koom nrog ntau yam thiab cov teeb meem kev ua haujlwm, thiab yuav tsum ua raws li lub teb chaws thiab cov qauv kev lag luam thiab cov qauv hauv nws qhov kev txhawb nqa thiab kev thov. Cov chaw tswj xyuas kev tsim kho hauv zos yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm steel qauv engineering, npaj cov kev cob qhia ntawm pab neeg soj ntsuam zoo, thiab sau cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev siv cov cuab yeej tshiab hauv lub sijhawm. Cov tsev kawm qib siab thiab cov tsev kawm qib siab, cov tuam tsev tsim qauv thiab cov tuam txhab tsim kho yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev cog qoob loo ntawm steel qauv engineers thiab cov kws tshaj lij, thiab txhawb nqa cov thev naus laus zis ntawm steel qauv CAD. pawg kev kawm loj yuav tsum koom tes nrog kev txhim kho steel qauv thev naus laus zis, nthuav dav hauv kev sib pauv kev kawm hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws thiab kev cob qhia kev ua ub no, thiab koom tes rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem steel qauv tsim, fabrication thiab kev tsim kho thiab kev siv thev naus laus zis yav tom ntej, uas tuaj yeem ua tau. muab nqi zog rau kev txhim kho.

VI. Kev sib txuas ntawm cov qauv steel

 (A) Weld seam txuas

Weld kev twb kev txuas yog los ntawm lub tshav kub generated los ntawm lub arc kom lub vuam pas nrig thiab lub weldment lub zos melting, txias condensation rau hauv ib tug weld, thiaj li hais tias lub weldment txuas mus ua ib tug.

Qhov zoo: tsis ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm ntu ntu ntawm cov tswv cuab, txuag cov hlau, cov qauv yooj yim, yooj yim rau kev tsim, kev sib txuas nruj, kev ua haujlwm zoo sealing, yooj yim siv nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm automation, high efficiency efficiency.

Disadvantages: lub weld nyob ze ntawm cov hlau vim welding high kub nyhuv ntawm qhov tsim ntawm tshav kub-cuam tshuam cheeb tsam tej zaum yuav ib co ntawm cov khoom yuav nkig; welding txheej txheem ntawm cov hlau los ntawm kev faib tsis sib npaug ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, yog li cov qauv ntawm cov weld residual stress thiab residual deformation ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov kabmob muaj peev xwm, nruj thiab kev ua haujlwm muaj qee yam cuam tshuam; welded qauv vim qhov nruj ntawm qhov loj, cov kab nrib pleb hauv zos uas tshwm sim tau yooj yim txuas mus rau tag nrho, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau qhov kub tsis tshua muaj qhov ua rau tawg tawg; welded pob qij txha vim qhov txhav, cov kab nrib pleb hauv zos tshwm sim tau yooj yim txuas mus rau tag nrho, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau qhov kub thiab txias. Cov pob txha tawg; weld kev twb kev txuas plasticity thiab toughness yog tsis zoo, vuam tej zaum yuav tsim defects, thiaj li hais tias lub zog qaug zog yog txo.

(B) bolt txuas

Bolt kev twb kev txuas yog los ntawm cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj fasteners xws li connectors txuas los ua ib tug. Bolt kev twb kev txuas yog muab faib mus rau hauv zoo tib yam bolt kev twb kev txuas thiab siab zog bolt kev twb kev txuas.

Qhov zoo: txheej txheem kev tsim kho yooj yim, yooj yim rau nruab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim rau kev sib txuas ntawm qhov chaw, kuj yooj yim rau dismantle, haum rau qhov yuav tsum tau nruab thiab rhuav tshem cov qauv thiab kev sib txuas ib ntus.

Qhov tsis zoo: qhov yuav tsum tau qhib qhov hauv lub phaj thiab sib dhos ntawm qhov, ua rau kev tsim khoom ua haujlwm, thiab kev tsim cov kev xav tau siab; bolt qhov tseem tsis muaj zog ntawm ntu ntu ntawm cov khoom sib txuas, thiab cov khoom sib txuas feem ntau yuav tsum tau lapped los yog ntxiv auxiliary txuas phaj (los yog lub kaum sab xis), thiab yog li ntawd ntau nyuaj kev tsim kho thiab kim kim hlau.

(C) riveted kev twb kev txuas

Kev sib txuas rivet yog ib qho kawg nrog lub taub hau ib nrab ntawm lub voj voog prefabricated lub taub hau ntawm rivet, tus ntsia thawv qws yuav kub hnyiab liab thiab ceev nrooj ntxig rau hauv cov ntsia hlau qhov hauv qhov txuas, thiab tom qab ntawd siv rab phom rivet tseem yuav raug riveted mus rau lwm qhov kawg ntawm tus ntsia thawv. lub taub hau, thiaj li ua rau kev sib txuas kom ua tiav qhov fastening.

Qhov zoo: riveting txhim khu kev qha quab yuam kis tau tus mob, plasticity, toughness yog zoo dua, qhov zoo yog ib qho yooj yim mus xyuas thiab xyuas kom meej tias yuav siv tau rau hnyav thiab ncaj bearing zog load qauv.Disadvantages: riveting txheej txheem yog complex, raug nqi kim heev thiab siv zog, thiab kev ua hauj lwm. -intensive, yog li nws tau pib replaced los ntawm welding thiab high-strength bolt kev twb kev txuas.

VII. welded kev twb kev txuas

 (A) Vuam txoj kev

Cov txheej txheem vuam siv rau cov qauv hlau yog hluav taws xob arc vuam, suav nrog phau ntawv arc vuam, tsis siv neeg lossis semi-automatic arc vuam thiab roj tiv thaiv vuam.

Kev tuav arc vuam yog feem ntau siv vuam txoj hauv kev steel qauv, nrog cov cuab yeej yooj yim, hloov tau yooj yim thiab ua haujlwm yooj yim. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, cov khoom tsim tau qis dua qhov tsis siv neeg lossis semi-automatic vuam, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov vuam zoo yog qhov loj, uas nyob ntawm tus welder cov txheej txheem rau qee yam.

Tsis siv neeg vuam seam zoo stability, weld internal defects tsawg dua, zoo plasticity, zoo cuam tshuam toughness, haum rau vuam ntev ncaj weld. Semi-automatic vuam vim los ntawm kev tuav haujlwm, haum rau vuam nkhaus los yog arbitrary zoo ntawm cov vuam. Tsis siv neeg thiab semi-automatic vuam yuav tsum tau siv nrog lub ntsiab lub cev ntawm cov hlau thiab flux tshaj cov hlau, hlau yuav tsum tau raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv, flux yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam.

Gas shielded welding yog siv cov roj inert (lossis CO2) roj los ua qhov nruab nrab tiv thaiv rau lub arc, kom cov hlau molten cais tawm ntawm huab cua kom cov txheej txheem vuam ruaj khov. Gas shielded vuam arc cua sov concentration, vuam ceev, qhov tob ntawm fusion, yog li lub zog ntawm vuam yog siab dua li phau ntawv vuam. Thiab zoo plasticity thiab corrosion kuj, haum rau tuab hlau vuam.

(B) daim ntawv ntawm weld

Weld kev twb kev txuas daim ntawv raws li yuav tsum tau kev cob cog rua rau kev sib nrig sib txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov tswv cuab yuav muab faib ua pob tw, ncej puab, T-shaped kev twb kev txuas thiab lub kaum sab xis kev twb kev txuas thiab lwm yam plaub daim ntawv. Cov kev sib txuas no yog siv nyob rau hauv weld seam butt weld thiab fillet weld ob daim ntawv yooj yim. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb, yuav tsum tau txuas nrog raws li lub zog, ua ke nrog kev tsim khoom, kev teeb tsa thiab vuam cov txheej txheem rau kev xaiv.

(C) weld qauv

1, Weld taub

Butt welds ncaj qha quab yuam hloov, du, tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab tseem ceeb tshwm sim, thiab yog li kev ua tau zoo, rau cov kabmob zoo li qub thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj feem xyuam rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, vim qhov kev xav tau zoo ntawm lub pob tw weld, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov vuam vuam yog qhov yuav tsum tau nruj dua, feem ntau siv hauv kev sib txuas ntawm lub Hoobkas.

2, welded yeeb nkab

Daim ntawv ntawm fillet weld: fillet weld raws li nws qhov ntev kev taw qhia thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm sab nraud quab yuam, yuav muab faib mus rau hauv parallel mus rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm ib sab ntawm lub zog fillet weld, perpendicular mus rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub pem hauv ntej ntawm lub zog fillet weld. thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub zog yog diagonally intersected los ntawm oblique fillet weld thiab lub circumferential weld.

Daim ntawv hla-section ntawm fillet weld yog ntxiv rau qhov zoo tib yam, tiaj tus nqes hav thiab sib sib zog nqus fusion hom. Nyob rau hauv daim duab, hf yog hu ua ko taw loj ntawm fillet weld. Ib qho yooj yim hom ntoo khaub lig-section weld ko taw sab piv ntawm 1: 1, zoo ib yam li lub isosceles txoj cai daim duab peb sab, lub zog xa xov kab khoov yog khaus ntau dua, yog li qhov kev ntxhov siab yog qhov hnyav. Rau cov qauv ncaj qha mus rau dynamic loads, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua kom lub zog kis tau tus mob du, pem hauv ntej ces kaum weld yuav tsum tau siv ob weld kaum ntug loj piv ntawm 1: 1.

VIII. bolt kev twb kev txuas

(A) Cov qauv ntawm kev sib txuas bolt

1, Daim ntawv thiab specification ntawm cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj

2, Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov ntsia hlau sib txuas

Kev npaj ntawm bolts yuav tsum yooj yim, sib xws thiab compact, kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj zog, tsim nyog tsim thiab yooj yim rau nruab. Muaj ob hom kev npaj: sab-los-sab thiab staggered. Juxtaposition yog yooj yim dua thiab staggered kev npaj yog ntau compact.

(B) cov yam ntxwv quab yuam ntawm kev sib txuas zoo tib yam ntsia liaj qhov rooj

1, Shear bolt kev twb kev txuas

2, Kev sib txhuam bolts

3, Kev sib txhuam thiab shear bolt txuas

(C) cov yam ntxwv quab yuam ntawm lub zog muaj zog bolts

High-strength bolt kev twb kev txuas tuaj yeem muab faib ua hom kev sib txhuam thiab lub siab hom raws li tus qauv tsim thiab kev quab yuam. Kev sib txhuam hom kev sib txuas hauv kev tiv thaiv shear, sab nraum lub shear quab yuam kom ncav cuag qhov siab tshaj plaws ua haujlwm ntawm lub phaj rau lub xeev txwv; thaum muaj ntau tshaj li thaum tus txheeb ze plam ntawm lub phaj, uas yog, kev sib txuas tau raug txiav txim siab ua tsis tiav thiab kev puas tsuaj. Siab hom kev sib txuas hauv shear, ces tso cai rau kev sib txhuam kom kov yeej thiab txheeb ze ntawm lub phaj, thiab tom qab ntawd lub zog sab nraud tuaj yeem nce ntxiv, thiab tom qab ntawd qhov kawg kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntsia hlau shear lossis lub qhov phab ntsa siab rau lub xeev txwv.